Cloud 9 Klax Serial Killers

The largest database about serial killers, mass murderers and spree killers around the world' 'February 22, 1974 - Samuel Byck, an unemployed tire salesman from Pennsylvania, stormed aboard Delta Air Lines Flight 523, DC-9 flight at Baltimore Friendship Airport (now Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport) scheduled to fly. The Serial Killer Database. Killer.Cloud the Serial Killer Database, an ongoing research project which aims to sort and classify serial killers based on documented references from books written about serial killers as well as other online resources listed at the bottom of each killers profile page.

Tatiana Caban[edit]

Bethany Cabe[edit]

Cable[edit]

Danielle Cage[edit]

Danielle 'Dani' Cage is a fictional character in Marvel Comics, and the young daughter of Luke Cage and Jessica Jones. The character, created by Brian Michael Bendis and Michael Gaydos, first appeared in The Pulse #13 (March 2006).

Danielle is named after Luke's teammate and best friend Iron Fist (Danny Rand).^[1] When Jessica went into labor, the hospital refuses to deliver the baby, forcing Luke to take them to Doctor Strange via the quinjet. During Secret Invasion, Danielle is kidnapped by a Skrull posing as Edwin Jarvis. Luke was forced to team up with Norman Osborn and Bullseye in rescuing her; Luke retrieve Danielle while Bullseye killed the Skrull.^[2] Eventually, Luke and Jessica decided to hire a nanny for Danielle, settling on Squirrel Girl after turning down more than twenty other superhumans.^[3] During the 'Hunt for Wolverine' storyline, Luke and Jessica discover that someone has gotten hold of Danielle's genetic material to auction off on the black market.^[4]

Other versions

An alternate future timeline iteration nicknamed Dani inherits both of her parents' abilities as a future equivalent of 'Captain America'.^[5] It is mentioned that she was mentored by Madame Natasha.^[6] She is plucked from her timeline to battle Ultron and then a Doombot, and subsequently teams up with the modern day Avengers to battle Moridun who had possessed Wiccan.^[7] She returns to the present again to aid the U.S.Avengers in capturing her nemesis, the Golden Skull.^[8]

Luke Cage[edit]

Caiera[edit]

Caiera is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was introduced during the 'Planet Hulk' storyline. She first appeared in Incredible Hulk vol. 2 #92 (April 2006), and was created by Greg Pak and Carlo Pagulayan.

Within the context of the stories, Caiera was born on Sakaar to a tribe of Shadow People, the creators of the Old Power. She was raised by the priests to be a shadow warrior. When she was thirteen, her village was attacked by alien 'spikes' that caused the other villagers to mutate into monsters. Caiera, the only survivor, was rescued by the Red Prince. When the Red Prince becomes the Red King, Caiera is his loyal lieutenant and the mother of his daughter. When the Hulk arrives on Sakaar and gains public support as a gladiator, she protects the Red King from him. After a failed attempt to ruin his popularity, the Hulk and his Warbound escape. Caiera is sent to kill the Hulk, but they encounter spikes during their battle. The Red King reveals he controls the spikes, devastating her. She turns against the Red King and aids the Hulk in a coup. Hulk becomes the Green King, and he marries Caiera. She becomes pregnant, but appears to die in the warp core explosion which laid waste to much of the planet.^[9][10] Hulk returned to Earth in World War Hulk.^[11] Although Caiera died, she posthumously - through the Old Power - gave birth to two sons, spawned from beneath the surface of the planet: Skaar and Hiro-Kala, who each found their own destiny.^[12][13]

Caiera's Powers and abilities

Caiera possessed abilities that were derived from the planet itself. She could transform her body into stone and become incredibly resistant and strong, to the extent that she battled the Hulk to a standstill even when his strength and fighting skills had dramatically increased. She was also an expert fighter and tactician.

Other versions of Caiera

An issue of What If? examined what would have happened if Caiera had survived the explosion instead of Hulk. Angered at the loss of her husband, Caiera takes the entirety of her planet's energies into herself, vastly increasing her power. She then goes to Earth to avenge his death. She kills the Illuminati and enslaves Earth.

Caiera in other media

Caiera appears in the animated direct-to-video film Planet Hulk, voiced by Lisa Ann Beley.^[14] She follows the Red King loyally because he saved her from the Spikes that destroyed her village and her family. However, it later turns out that the Red King was the one who created the Spikes, thus he is responsible for destroying Caiera's village and killing her people. Once the truth is revealed, Caiera angrily severs her loyalty to the Red King and aids the Hulk and the Warbound into defeating him. Caiera then plants a Spike bug on the Red King, leaving him to be killed by his Death Guard robots (as part of their programming to kill any Spike infestation) as revenge for her tragedy. She then goes on to becoming the Queen Consort to Hulk, who accepts his new role as the new King of Sakaar.

Caiman[edit]

Calamity[edit]

Caliban[edit]

Callisto[edit]

Alisa Campbell[edit]

Alisa Campbell is a fictional character in Marvel Comics. The character, created by Brian Michael Bendis and Michael Gaydos, appeared in Alias #22 (July 2003).

While her name has never been revealed in the comics, for the convenience of this section she will be referred to by her name in the Netflix series. Alisa Campbell is the mother of Jessica Campbell, who would grow up to become Jessica Jones. While driving to Walt Disney World, Alisa got into an argument with her husband causing them to get distracted by driving into a military convoy that was carrying hazardous chemicals. The car swerved off the road and landed in an embankment, killing everyone except her daughter, Jessica.

Alisa Campbell in other media

Jessica's mother, named Alisa Jones (née Campbell), appears in Jessica Jones. She is presented as an amalgam of Jessica's actual mother and the woman who adopted her in the comics.In season 1, Alisa is played by Miriam Shor. Her name comes from Alisa Bendis, wife of Brian Michael Bendis, creator of the comic book character of Jessica Jones. She appears in flashback in the episode 'AKA WWJD?' where she attempts to stop an argument between Jessica and her brother Philip. They die when the car crashes into a truck filled with chemicals. She shows up in a nightmare convincing Jessica to get to work.^[15]Alisa is a series regular in season 2, played by Janet McTeer. As it turns out, she actually survives the car accident, but is horribly disfigured. She and Jessica are treated at IGH, a private clinic specializing in gene editing. While Jessica is saved and discharged after three weeks, Alisa has suffered more severe injuries and needs a longer recovery period. Dr. Karl Malus has to declare Alisa legally dead in order to save her life, because of the illegality of the operations. As a result of the intense gene therapy and reconstructive surgery, Alisa gains super strength similar to her daughter, but she is also mentally unstable and is prone to dissociative episodes. She eventually breaks out of the IGH facility, killing a nurse named Luanne and maiming Inez Green, and eventually tracks down Jessica after getting information from Trish's mother. While following Jessica, she sees Jessica's boyfriend Stirling Adams negotiating with some gangsters he owes money to, and agreeing to let them use Jessica as muscle for some heists in exchange for his debts being forgiven. After the gangsters leave, Alisa confronts Stirling and kills him by bashing his head repeatedly against a brick wall.^[16] Haunted by the image of Jessica weeping over Stirling's body, Alisa returns to Dr. Malus and insists he keep her away from Jessica for her own safety.About ten years later, Alisa comes back into Jessica's life when Trish begins opening an investigation into IGH. Alisa begins killing off several other participants in the IGH project, killing Robert 'Whizzer' Coleman,^[17] Dr. Kozlov, Will Simpson,^[18] and Dr. Leslie Hansen. Jessica first meets her while she is impersonating Dr. Hansen, but she escapes after the meeting escalates into a fight.^[19] Alisa resumes spying on Jessica, and kills Pryce Cheng's fixer Nick Spanos when she catches him stealing files from Jessica's apartment.^[20] Following several other leads, Jessica finds a beach house where Dr. Malus lives with Alisa, and learns the truth about her.^[21] Although bitter over learning Alisa's role in Stirling's murder, Jessica quickly forgives her and takes Alisa back to her apartment. While they are there, Pryce Cheng tries to assassinate Alisa as revenge for Nick's murder,^[22] but fails and is captured. In between guarding the captive Cheng, Alisa helps her daughter resolve a custody dispute between Oscar and his ex. Once Cheng regains consciousness, he persuades Jessica to turn her mother in, which Jessica reluctantly agrees to do.^[23]While in jail, and being defended by Jeri Hogarth, Alisa is subjected to mistreatment and abuse at the hands of Dale Holiday, a sadistic guard who turns out to be a serial killer that has killed several other inmates.^[24] When Dr. Malus kills himself by blowing up the old IGH clinic, Alisa is enraged, blaming Trish for what happened, and breaks out of jail. She heads to the hospital seeking to kill Trish.^[25] Jessica shows up and manages to talk her down, but when cornered by Detectives Eddy Costa and Ruth Sunday, Alisa escapes by jumping out a window, dragging Sunday to her death. Now hunted by the police, she kidnaps Jessica at Trish's apartment and prepares to flee the country with her.^[26] After evading several attempts by police to capture them, Alisa takes Jessica to Playland Park for a final ride on the ferris wheel before she turns herself in to protect Jessica. She never gets to turn herself in, as Trish shows up at the park and shoots Alisa in the head, killing her instantly. Trish flees the scene, while Detective Costa and the cops are left to assume that Jessica killed her mother in self-defense.^[27]

Calypso[edit]

Cammi[edit]

Cancer[edit]

Candra[edit]

Cannonball[edit]

Capricorn[edit]

Captain[edit]

Captain America[edit]

Steve Rogers[edit]

William Naslund[edit]

Jeffrey Mace[edit]

Sam Wilson[edit]

James Buchanan Barnes[edit]

Captain Atlas[edit]

Captain Britain[edit]

Captain Marvel[edit]

Mar-Vell[edit]

Monica Rambeau[edit]

Genis-Vell[edit]

Phyla-Vell[edit]

Khn'nr[edit]

Noh-Varr[edit]

Carol Danvers[edit]

Captain Midlands[edit]

Captain Planet[edit]

Captain Savage[edit]

Captain UK[edit]

Captain Ultra[edit]

Captain Universe[edit]

Captain Wonder[edit]

Rosalie Carbone[edit]

Rosalie Carbone is a fictional gangster in Marvel Comics. The character, created by Chuck Dixon and John Romita Jr., first appeared in Punisher: War Zone #2 (April 1992).

Rosalie is the daughter of notorious criminal Julius Carbone and was engaged to be married to the son of one of Julius' partners. But after meeting the Punisher (known as Johnny Tower in disguise), she fell for the Punisher instead and they even slept together.^[28] She eventually met the man she was supposed to marry, but he is killed by her uncle Sal's arrival as Thorn. The Punisher rescues Rosalie, but kills Sal, who had also killed Julius, leaving Rosalie broken and angry at the Punisher.^[29] Rosalie forcibly took over her family's business and set a hit out on the Punisher. Despite her best efforts, she fails and the Punisher once again spares her.^[30]

Rosalie also briefly goes up against Lynn Michaels (Lady Punisher).^[31] Another Punisher was sent by Microchip to kill her. With Bullseye's help, she manages to escape and does some damage herself.^[32] She once again made an attempt on the Punisher's life, but was confounded by S.H.I.E.L.D..^[33] She attended the crime families' meeting and was outraged that the Geracis were partnering with her sworn enemy. An intense fight broke out ending with Rosalie getting killed by her former high school friend Leslie Geraci.^[34]

Rosalie Carbone in other media[edit]

Rosalie Carbone is introduced late in season two of Luke Cage, played by Annabella Sciorra.^[35] Rosalie is first seen in 'Can't Front on Me' attending an auction house with Anibal Izqueda, Eric Hong, and Hai-Qing Yang.^[36] In the episode 'They Reminisce Over Your,' Rosalie is among several gangsters that are seeking a slice of the void left by Mariah's arrest as it was mentioned that she was planning to expand into Harlem like her father did when he tried to drive the Stokes out. While some inmates loyal to her do an attempt on Mariah Dillard's life, Rosalie is visited by Luke Cage intimidating her into staying out of Harlem. Luke later goes into business with her and Anibal after Cage inherits control of Harlem's Paradise following Mariah's death.^[37]

Rosalie makes a later appearance in season three of Daredevil. In the episode 'Revelations,' she is one of several crime bosses that Wilson Fisk directs blackmailed FBI agents to round up for a secret parlay. Rosalie is picked up by Ray Nadeem and Benjamin Poindexter at a groundbreaking opening ceremony. She is taken along with four other bosses, John Hammer, Everett Starr, Latimer Zyl, and Sophia Carter, to a fancy restaurant in Hell's Kitchen where they're seated around a circular table for several hours. Fisk then shows up and offers the five crime lords protection from prosecution in exchange for 20% of their profits. When Starr refuses the offer, Dex kills him by lobbing a baton at his forehead. Fisk uses this as an incentive to hike the tax to 25%, which Rosalie and the other crimelords hastily agree to. In the season 3 finale, Rosalie is later seen as one of the many crime lords and socialites in attendance at Fisk and Vanessa Mariana's wedding. She comments to Fisk about him sitting her next to the prosecutor that tried to send her to prison, and makes him hold her purse. When Nadeem's posthumous confession implicating Fisk in the manipulation of the FBI is leaked onto the Internet, Rosalie along with Hammer and Zyl quickly take their leave before Dex attacks the wedding.

Cardiac[edit]

Cardinal[edit]

Caretaker[edit]

Original[edit]

Sister Sara[edit]

John Carik[edit]

John Carik was featured as the main supporting character in the mid-1990s series Blade: The Vampire Hunter, and was created by Ian Edginton and Douglas H. Wheatley. He was exclusively referred to in the solicitations as Bible John, and the use of that nickname was established in the first issue. However, that name was rarely used in other issues. He is the one of the last of an order of warrior/scholars named the Cathari, who all take vows to combat the evil forces of the supernatural. Carik appeared in almost all of the ten issues of Blade: The Vampire Hunter (July 1994 to April 1995). Issue #6 was the only issue in which he failed to appear. The series was cancelled after ten issues leaving John Carik's story unfinished. Carik was attacked by a supernatural being of an undisclosed nature, the encounter giving him precognition. He was shortly thereafter contacted by and joined the Cathari. Carik is covered from head to toe in wards and sigils that he has carved into his own flesh which give him protection from supernatural beings.

Blade: the Vampire Hunter begins with Carik having a vision of the return of Dracula and the resulting destruction of New York City. His vision gives him the knowledge that Blade is the only one who can prevent the events from coming true. In order to warn Blade, Carik escapes from the Nyman Psychiatric Clinic and seeks him out. Once he finds Blade, Carik gives him a witch compass, a device for seeking out the supernatural.

Although he never made an appearance in the Blade films or in Blade: The Series, many of John Carik's character traits are visible in the character Abraham Whistler. He was originally intended to appear in Blade: The Series, portrayed by Marc Singer, but this plan was eventually scratched.

Luke Carlyle[edit]

Luke Carlyle was created by J. Michael Straczynski and John Romita Jr., and first appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man vol. 2 #43.^[38] He is a thief and con man who worked his way up the corporate ladder, eventually rising to a trusted position.^[39] When the CEO of the company he worked at discovered Carlyle was a fraud, Carlyle killed him. Lacking the time to act, and with most of the company's assets either gone or unreachable, Carlyle then hired Otto Octavius under the guise of helping to make him a legitimate researcher, and stole his mechanical appendages. He was finally defeated by a combined effort between Octavius and Spider-Man.^[40]

In other media[edit]

Luke Carlyle, also known as The Mad Bomber, appears in all the versions of the Spider-Man 3 video game, loosely based on 2007 the film of the same name, voiced by Neil Ross (making him the only villain to appear in all versions, besides the 3 antagonists of the film itself: New Goblin, Sandman, and Venom). While as Caryle he is portrayed as a well-known and rich businessman, as The Mad Bomber he is the leader of the H-Bombers, one of the new gangs introduced in the game that are terrorizing New York City; their trademark is, as the name suggests, planting bombs wherever they go, as well as their high-tech costumes: either orange suits with a grey mask, resembling an environmental suit, or grey and black armored suits, equiped with a jetpack and light machine guns. The Mad Bomber is wearing a slightly modified version of this armored suit, as it is equiped with rocket launchers rather than machine guns, and its helmet is transparent, allowing people to see Carlyle's face.

In the first mission of most versions of the game (other than the Game Boy Advance version), The Mad Bomber leads the H-Bombers into attacking his own building, the Carlyle building, for unknown reasons (most likely to hide his real identity, as people wouldn't believe Caryle to be The Mad Bomber and have destroyed his own building), and they blow up several floors, when Spider-Man arrives to save the day. He defeats several bombers and disarms their remaining bombs, even saving a woman that was tied up to a bomb, but the H-Bombers manage to escape in their helicopter. Later, in the main version of the game (the Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360, and PlayStation 3 version), the H-Bombers have their own side plot and missions, with Spider-Man having to constantly foil their plans, such as an attack on the subway or disarming their bombs all over Financial District. Spider-Man later begins working with Detective Jean DeWolfe, who is also investigating The Mad Bomber and, in exchange for Spider-Man's help with some deals and crooked cops, she informs him of the H-Bombers attacking a nuclear power plant. Spider-Man foils their plan once again and finally confronts The Mad Bomber in person, discovering that he is Luke Carlyle, but he and his goons manage to escape once again in their helicopter. Shortly after, the H-Bombers make a final attack on the Daily Bugle and, although Spider-Man disarms their bombs through the building, the bombers escape with J. Jonah Jameson in their helicopter, who also discovers that Carlyle is The Mad Bomber. Spider-Man follows them and rescues Jameson when The Mad Bomber throws him out of the helicopter, taking him to a rooftop, where they are both attacked by the helicopter. Spider-Man destroys the helicopter, saving Jameson's life and foiling the H-Bombers' plans for the final time, but The Mad Bomber escapes and is never seen again in the game, although the H-Bombers would still occasionally pop out through the city, committing various small crimes on the streets. In the PlayStation 2, Wii, and PlayStation Portable versions of the game, the H-Bombers storyline is shorter, as it features only two missions (besides the tutorial), the first one taking place shortly after the beginning of the game. This time, the H-Bombers focus their attacks on the Daily Bugle and plant bombs all over its Printing Plant and Regional Office, with The Mad Bomber sending a threatening call to J. Jonah Jameson right before the attacks, but Spider-Man learns about their plan from this call and is able to disarm all the bombs just in time. The second H-Bombers mission is very similar to their final one in the other version of the game, the only difference being that it takes place after unlocking the symbiote black suit (which can be taken on and off at will), and that The Mad Bomber directly fights Spider-Man, after he rescues Jameson and takes him to safety. Spider-Man defeats The Mad Bomber and destroys his helicopter, foiling the H-Bombers' plans for good, as they are never seen in the game afterwards.

In the Game Boy Advance version of the game, The Mad Bomber isn't the leader of the H-Bombers gang, but rather plants several bombs across the city all by himself. His plan is foiled and he is defeated by a black-suited Spider-Man.

Carnage[edit]

(Red Carnage)

Carnivore[edit]

Carrion[edit]

Miles Warren clone[edit]

Malcolm McBride[edit]

William Allen[edit]

Sentient virus[edit]

Peggy Carter[edit]

Sharon Carter[edit]

Tyrone Cash[edit]

Cat-Man[edit]

Towshend Horgan[edit]

Sebastian Patane[edit]

Unnamed[edit]

Catseye[edit]

Cell[edit]

Centennial[edit]

Centennial (Rutherford B. Princeton III) is a fictional superhero in Marvel Comics, notably Alpha Flight. He was created by Scott Lobdell, and first appeared in Alpha Flight vol. 3 #1 (2004).

Rutherford spent some time as a police officer in Canada. During the Prohibition, he was sent to assist law enforcement officers in America. At one point, his girlfriend Amelia Weatherly goes missing and is later assumed dead. Rutherform 'buries' her and moves on with his life.

He later slips into a coma lasting nearly two decades. The Alpha Flight member named Sasquatch recruits a new team of heroes, including Rutherford, who is roused from his coma. Rutherford helps rescue the original Alpha Flight and fight the Japanese team Big Hero Six. Later, they fight the criminal 'Manimator'.

During his last known adventure, he travels back in time. His teammate Nemesis reveals that she is Amelia. Their post-Alpha Flight adventures have not been shown. A vision indicates the two were buried side by side, per the epilogue of Alpha Flight vol. 3 #12.

Centurious[edit]

Centurius[edit]

Century[edit]

Century is a fictional character, a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was depicted as a member of the Force Works team in the series of the same name from 1994–1996.

Century first appeared in issue #1 of Force Works and was created by Dan Abnett, Andy Lanning, and Tom Tenney.

Century was a genetic creation consisting of the minds of the hundred strongest and most able of the surviving alien Hodomurians. He possessed all their memories and instinctively used the knowledge he needed. Therefore, he was an expert on many topics and a very skilled fighter especially with his battle-staff, Parallax. His lifespan was apparently fixed at 100 years. He was sometimes seen levitating while in a deep meditative trance. He had a symbiotic rapport with Parallax, an entity which bound the multiple personalities of Century into a unified self.

Since developing amnesic, Century couldn't remember much about his past and often had to search for the right words which led to Century sounding like a thesaurus when he often used three similar words to express himself. Single memories returned when he was confronted with something from his past or he dreamt about it. After losing Parallax for a while, memories of his composite minds loosened and even after Parallax was returned to him he continued to remember bits from the lives of the Hodomur he was composed of.

To defeat the evil Nexus Being named Lore, responsible for the destruction of their world, the Hodomur race created Century, a being composed by the best 100 surviving Hodomur warriors. Possessing all of their memories, he was able to solve situations in many topics. He started a mission to track down Lore, but during inter-dimensional travel he was enslaved by Broker and brainwashed. Only the urge to find Lore was maintained on his mind. He soon became a 'scout' for the evil alien race of the Scatter, that bought him from Broket. Following constantly Century, the Scatter could feast on the leftovers of the worlds destroyed by Lore. Century first encountered the superhero team Force Works when Scarlet Witch's magic brought the alien on Earth-616 following a battle against the Kree. Century knocked out Kalum Lo, then when questioned by Scarlet about his whereabouts, was able to say only his name. A few minutes later Scarlet Witch, Spider-Woman and U.S.Agent were all captured by the Scatter, that arriving on Earth following Century, caused also Wonder Man's apparent death. Iron Man questioned Century about the Scatter's whereabouts but Century knew only the name of their race and their evil goals, causing Stark to leave him behind. He was next to be brought to the Vault but escaped and teleported to Iron Man. Using the teleportation powers of his staff Parallax, Century helped Iron Man to rescue the team from an unknown world ravaged by the Scatter. He helped Force Works defeat these aliens. Getting quarter to the Works, he soon joined the team on a full basis participating to missions to Slorenia, China, Australia, and defeating the menace of the Starstealth once and for at all. During a brief travel to space aboard the ship of Broker, he was captured by the foe and sold to the mysterious Imogen. He was then freed by Azimuth, that was next to reveal the truth on his origins and life, but she was stricken by an energy blast of Imogen and fell comatose. After killing Broker for good, he returned to Earth, rejoining Force Works in time to help them unravel the plot of Kang (Immortus in disguise) that had on his side a corrupted Iron Man and Cybermancer, alternate version of scientist Suzi Endo. After Stark sacrificed himself to prevent Kang's plans, Force Works had to endure a last fight against alternate universe versions of Wonder Man, and Ultron, belonging to Cybermancer's reality. Force Works managed to resolve this situation. Before the team was disbanded, Century expressed the desire to learn more about his new homeworld, Earth. Force Works then responded to an emergency call starting for a final mission whose result remained unknown.

Century is later recruited by Wonder Man (whose ionic energy leaking problem was affecting his judgement) to join his Revengers in a plot to defeat the Avengers. He was easily defeated by the New Avengers.^[41] While incarcerated at the Raft, Century and the rest of Wonder Man's followers were interrogated about their motivations for joining the Revengers. Century stated that he sided with Wonder Man out of sense of honor to him and recognition of the cycle of life.^[42]

As his name and some of his history indicated, Century was meant to be the best of the 100 beings that made him up.

He was shown to have greater than human strength, agility, and endurance. Additionally by using Parallax, he was able to teleport through inter-dimensional space. He's also an expert hand-to-hand combatant.

He was often drawn as being taller than Iron Man or Hawkeye with long white hair and red markings over various parts of his body.

Century in other media[edit]

• Century was part of the supporting cast in the 1994–1996 Iron Man animated series voiced by James Warwick in Season One, Jim Cummings in 'The Beast Within,' and by Tom Kane in the two-part series finale. A scene in the episode 'Data In, Chaos Out' gives Century a civilian identity as a man named Woody where he sports shades and a broad-brimmed hat. In 'The Beast Within,' Century was the one who told Iron Man that the Force Works team is relocating from Stark Industries following Iron Man's team-up with the Mandarin to stop Fin Fang Foom. In the two-part episode 'Hands of the Mandarin,' Century rejoins Force Works when Mandarin uses the Heart of Darkness crystal to disable all technology. He appeared to knock out Hypnotia when she was using her powers on Iron Man and War Machine.

Cerebra[edit]

Cerise[edit]

Challenger[edit]

The Challenger is the name of different fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

William Waring[edit]

The William Waring version of Challenger appeared beginning with the company's 1940s iteration as Timely Comics during the period fans and historians call the Golden Age of Comic Books.The Challenger first appeared in Daring Mystery Comics #7 (April 1941) from Marvel Comics predecessor Timely Comics, debuting in both a two-page text story, 'The Valley of Time', by writer Ray Gill, and in the 12-page comics story 'Meet the Challenger', by an unknown writer and artist George Klein, under the pseudonym 'Nick Karlton'.^[43] The character went on to appear in Mystic Comics #6-10 (Oct. 1941 - Aug. 1942), in eight- to nine-page stories by artists including Al Bare and Mike Sekowsky, and in at least one instance written by Stan Lee ('Horror Mansion', Mystic Comics #9, May 1942). The Challenger did not reappear for decades before making a brief appearance in Marvel Premiere #29 (April 1976), in a World War II period story featuring the homefront superhero team the Liberty Legion. The Challenger first appears in a modern-day story in She-Hulk #11 (March 2005), having 'bounced forward' in time.

Demon[edit]

The demon version of Challenger first appeared in Ghost Rider Vol. 2 #17 and was created by Tony Isabella and Frank Robbins.

The Challenger is a demon that works as an agent for Mephisto. He was dispatched by Mephisto to drag Ghost Rider to Hell. At the time when Ghost Rider and Daimon Hellstrom were exorcising Legion from the body of Katy Milner, Challenger appeared and challenged Ghost Rider to a deadly race for the fate of Katy. Though he defeated Ghost Rider, Challenger was hit by Ghost Rider's hellfire attack where the spell that caused Katy Milner to be the cursed form of Roxanne Simpson to be broken.^[44]

Peter Parker[edit]

At the time when the Avengers and the New Avengers got displaced in the World War II era and collaborated with the Invaders, Peter Parker sported a green costume and took up the alias of the Challenger when fighting Red Skull and the Nazis.^[45]

Elder of the Universe[edit]

The Elder of the Universe version of Challenger first appeared in Avengers #678 and was created by Mark Waid, Al Ewing, Jim Zub, and Pepe Larraz.An earlier member of the Elders of the Universe originally went by the name of Grandmaster until he lost it in a contest against En Dwi Gast whom he shared a gaming hobby with. This Elder was banished to the void of nothingness until the end of time. After the Multiverse was recreated following the end of the 'Secret Wars' storyline, the Elder returned and took up the name of Challenger where he challenged Grandmaster to a rematch.^[46]

With Earth as the battleground, Challenger reassembled the Black Order to the point where he resurrected Black Dwarf, Corvus Glaive, Proxima Midnight, and restored Supergiant as a psychic projection. Challenger puts them up against Grandmaster's incarnation of the Lethal Legion.^[47] One of the challenges involved gathering the Pyramoids that are in different locations.^[48]

When it came to the final round, Challenger had an ace up his sleeve in the form of a resurrected Hulk.^[49] When Hulk destroyed the Pyramoid that was in Voyager's possession at the Avengers Auxiliary Headquarters, it cost the Challenger the victory he needed. Though they both heard Voyager's confession to the Avengers for her involvement with Grandmaster. Before Grandmaster can offer him a rematch, Challenger apparently disintegrated him and made plans to destroy Earth under the alias of Grandmaster Prime. He fought off Falcon, Hulk, Rogue, and Wonder Man until Voyager arrived with an army of Avengers to fight Challenger. Voyager's morale boost and power augmentation from Scarlet Witch enabled Challenger to be defeated. Voyager then took Challenger back to the Far Shore and shackled him to observe the Avengers' subsequent adventures where Voyager hopes that they can inspire him like they did with her. Challenger agreed to watch the Avengers until the day he is able to break free.^[50]

Chamber[edit]

Chameleon[edit]

Champion of the Universe[edit]

Chance[edit]

Marlo Chandler[edit]

Robin Chapel[edit]

Charcoal[edit]

Charlie-27[edit]

Charon[edit]

Chemistro[edit]

Curtis Carr[edit]

Archibald Morton[edit]

Calvin Carr[edit]

Lila Cheney[edit]

Zhou Cheng[edit]

Cheshire Cat[edit]

Cloud 9 Klax Fs2004

Chewie[edit]

Chewie is a fictional alien in Marvel Comics. The character, created by Brian Reed and Roberto De La Torre, first appeared in Giant-Size Ms. Marvel #1 (April 2006). Her alien origin was invented by Kelly Sue DeConnick and David López for Captain Marvel Vol. 8 #2 (June 2014).

An ordinary looking cat was caught in between an intense fight between Carol Danvers, then known as Ms. Marvel, and Sir Warren Traveler inside a fiery building.^[51] Following this, the cat randomly showed up at Carol's apartment while she was about to give an interview. Carol opted to finally adopt the stray and calls her Chewie because she reminded her of the Star Wars character Chewbacca.^[52] Since then, Chewie made sporadic appearances as a comforting companion throughout Carol's career as Ms. Marvel^[53] and when she finally took up the mantle of Captain Marvel.^[54]

This all changed when Carol took Chewie into space with her and they encountered the Guardians of the Galaxy. Rocket Raccoon immediately identified Chewie as a Flerken, a species of alien that resembles the Earth cat, but in actuality are dangerous alien creatures. Rocket attempted to kill her before she laid eggs, but Carol stopped him as she did not believe Rocket.^[55] He ended up being correct, as Chewie laid 117 eggs that all immediately hatched. Carol, Rocket and their friend Tic had to take Chewie and her offspring to a rescue center where Carol planned to drop them off as she could not take care of them all. However, Chewie teleported back to their ship to be with Carol, leaving her offspring behind.^[56]

In other media

A version of the character, renamed Goose, appears in Captain Marvel.^[57] She is portrayed by four different cats: Archie, Reggie, Rizzo and Gonzo. Each one was chosen based on their personalities and for nuzzling, holding, 'face' and 'jerk' actions.^[58] Goose once belonged to Mar-Vell who was posing as an Earth scientist named Wendy Lawson. When the amnesiac Vers (Carol Danvers) and Nick Fury were investigating Lawson, they come across Goose who begins following them. Talos is the first to identify Goose as a Flerken; greatly frightening him. Goose was present when Talos has a parley with Carol Danvers and Nick Fury. During the climax, Goose reveals her true nature by using her abilities to defeat Kree soldiers and swallowing the Tesseract. Despite being very tame and friendly, she unexpectedly slashes Fury's eye, explaining his eye patch in earlier movies. In the post-credits scene, Goose coughs up the Tesseract.

Chimera[edit]

Amadeus Cho[edit]

Ch'od[edit]

Chondu the Mystic[edit]

Andrew Chord[edit]

Chronomancer[edit]

Chthon[edit]

Chtylok[edit]

Cipher[edit]

Citizen V[edit]

John Watkins[edit]

Paulette Brazee[edit]

John Watkins Jr.[edit]

Helmut Zemo[edit]

Dallas Riordan[edit]

John Watkins III[edit]

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Roberto da Costa[edit]

Clash[edit]

Clash (Clayton Cole) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Clash first appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man Vol. 3 #1 and was created by Dan Slott and Ramon Perez. While he had a brief criminal career and was granted a spot on Parker Industries upon his reform, he regressed back to his criminal roots during the Civil War II storyline.^[59]

At a young age, Clayton Cole was a smart kid who was home-schooled by his mother. During his youth, he saw Peter Parker's Masked Marvel appearance going up against Crusher Hogan in a wrestling match. Since then, he started working on technology so that he can be like the 'Masked Marvel.' This led him to becoming Clash.^[60]

In his first time operating as Clash, Clayton Cole came into conflict with Spider-Man. He was defeated by Spider-Man and sentenced to juvenile hall.^[61]

After being released on parole, Clash was working as henchmen for Owl and other supervillains.^[62]

During the 'Spider-Verse' storyline, Clash's latest employer was the Kree named Doctor Minerva. When Spider-Man was aided in battle Ms. Marvel and discovered that she has an Inhuman baby that she took from Doctor Minerva, Clash turned against Doctor Minerva and her henchmen. Upon recognizing him and seeing that he has gone straight, Spider-Man offered Clash a job at Parker Industries which he accepted.^[63]

Clayton Cole's work at Parker Industries involved Spider-Man's globetrotting adventures like helping out against Zodiac to the infiltration of Ghost.^[64]

During the 'Civil War II' storyline, the Inhuman Ulysses Cain had a vision where Clayton Cole becomes Clash again and attacks Spider-Man.^[65] Clayton Cole later meets Sully back when he used to work for Owl and can't talk to him long without violating his parole. Later on, Clayton's parents have become displeased that their son is working as an 'office drone' while his father wants Peter Parker to help with their retirement. While showing his latest project for the NYPD to Peter Parker, Clayton is told that he should talk to him if he has any problems. Upon hearing Ulysses' vision of him when he arrives in Peter Parker's office, Clayton resigns from Parker Industries. At Moynihan's Social Club, Clayton tells Sully and another person on how companies like Roxxon Energy Corporation are destroying the planet. Afterwards, Clayton meets Mendel Stromm who makes a reference to how Norman Osborn stole his work and left him poor. After providing Clayton with the number for the Tinkerer, Mendel gives Clayton a day to consider helping him in his revenge on Harry Osborn. After calling Tinkerer who makes him an updated version of his Clash suit, Clayton calls up Mendel Stromm.^[62] In his new suit, Clash arrives at Mendel Stromm's apartment where he finds Mendel Stromm in his Robot Master appearance and his robots. Robot Master then compliments Clash's outfit and claims that Spider-Man won't know what hit him. When Clash attacks Robot Master stating that he will look out for himself, Robot Master unleashes his robots on Clash even when Spider-Man arrives. Spider-Man manages to web Robot Master in the air with foam web. When Spider-Man was talking Clash into getting back to the civilized life, Robot Master rises and attacks them. While Clash flies away, Spider-Man defeats Robot Master by ripping his remote control mechanics from within his robot body, deactivating his robot army. When Clayton states that he was trying to protect Parker Industries from Mendel Stromm, Spider-Man stated that he caused harm with his technology, caused millions of dollars worth of damages, and violated his parole. Though Peter Parker did talk to Clayton's parole officer where he stated that Clayton acted in self-defense and that Clayton will have to give up on working on sonic technology. Though Clayton doesn't seem to agree with Spider-Man's proposal to discontinue his work on his sonic technology which leads to Ulysses' vision coming true.^[64] After battling Spider-Man on the streets, Clash escapes and returns to the Moynihan's Social Club where he decides to become a crime boss.^[66]

Clash was seen at the closed Now Forever Nightclub where he discusses with his thugs the plans to take back his inventions that he made for Parker Industries to evade them being sold to pay off some debts. When Clash enters the Baxter Building to take back the Sonic Transducer, Harry Osborn sees that something is off and alerts Spider-Man and Human Torch. Due to a self-charging power source getting stuck in the upward cycle, Clash had to work with Spider-Man and Human Torch to deactivate it. While Spider-Man catches Clash's thugs, he allows Clash to get away.^[67]

During the 'Go Down Swinging' storyline, Peter Parker later persuades Clash to look over Harry Osborn's family in light of the threat of Red Goblin (a result of Norman Osborn's Green Goblin form merged with a Carnage symbiote). At Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, Clash assists Human Torch in protecting the Osborn family from Red Goblin. Their attacks do nothing against Red Goblin because the Goblin formula made the Carnage symbiote immune to fire and sound. Red Goblin then proceeds to defeat Human Torch, Clash, Silk, Miles Morales, and Agent Anti-Venom.^[68]

Clash possesses a genius-level intellect. He can also utilize sonic technology to various uses.

Clash in other media[edit]

Clayton Cole/Clash appears in the Spider-Man episode 'Osborn Academy,' voiced by Yuri Lowenthal. This incarnation is a teenager who specializes in sonic technology. He competes with Herman Schultz for a spot in Osborn Academy where they use their different sonic devices enough for Spider-Man to intervene. The three-way battle was crashed by Jackal who steals Herman and Clayton's technology with the help of a stolen Stark Industries tech. The two of them help Spider-Man by telling him how to disable the tech. After Jackal gets away, Spider-Man brings Herman and Clayton back to Osborn Academy to face their actions as Spider-Man tells Osborn Academy's security team to grant them leniency. Norman Osborn takes the blame for driving the two boys into what had transpired. As Norman Osborn grants Herman a spot in Osborn Academy, he tells Clayton to try again next time much to the objection of Max Modell.

Clayton Cole appears in The Amazing Spider-Man 2 video game, but the voice actor portraying him was uncredited. This incarnation is a street thug who is a friend of Herman Shultz that can be found in an alley along with a group of other street thugs. He has a special dialogue with Spider-Man in the game and he tells him how to find Schultz and get information about Dennis Carradine.

Clea[edit]

Albert Cleary[edit]

Cloak[edit]

Cloud 9[edit]

Clown[edit]

Eliot Franklin[edit]

Half-brother[edit]

Unnamed[edit]

Coachwhip[edit]

Coal Tiger[edit]

Cobalt Man[edit]

Cobra[edit]

Izzy Cohen[edit]

Malcolm Colcord[edit]

Coldblood[edit]

Collective Man[edit]

Collector[edit]

Rusty Collins[edit]

Colonel[edit]

Colossus[edit]

Comanche[edit]

Comet[edit]

Comet (Harris Moore) is a fictional character in the Marvel Universe. He first appeared in Nova #21 (September 1978), and was created by Marv Wolfman and John Buscema.

In the late 1950s, radiation from a gaseous entity resembling a tiny comet mutagenically altered him, giving him superhuman flying and electrical powers, which he used as a costumed crimefighter. Decades later, he went to Xandar to aid its people in their war against the Skrulls as one of the Champions of Xandar. After his son Crimebuster died, the Comet chose to remain on Xandar.

The Comet died battling the forces of Nebula.^[69]

Comet Man[edit]

Commander Kraken[edit]

Conan[edit]

Condor[edit]

Billy Connors[edit]

Martha Connors[edit]

Conquest[edit]

Constrictor[edit]

Contemplator[edit]

Controller[edit]

Jen Cooke[edit]

Finn Cooley[edit]

Carlie Cooper[edit]

Valerie Cooper[edit]

Copperhead[edit]

Lawrence Chesney[edit]

Arthur Reynolds[edit]

Davis Lawfers[edit]

Copycat[edit]

Anya Corazon[edit]

Peter Corbeau[edit]

Edwin Cord[edit]

Abraham Cornelius[edit]

Archie Corrigan[edit]

Corruptor[edit]

Corsair[edit]

Tom Corsi[edit]

Fabian Cortez[edit]

Cosmo the Spacedog[edit]

Cottonmouth[edit]

Cornell Cottonmouth[edit]

Burchell Clemens[edit]

Phil Coulson[edit]

Delphine Courtney[edit]

Delphine Courtney is a fictional character in the Marvel Universe, an enemy of the super-team Alpha Flight.

Publication history[edit]

Delphine Courtney first appeared in Alpha Flight #7 (February 1984), and was created by John Byrne.

The character subsequently appears in Alpha Flight Vol. 1 #11–13 (June–August 1984), #22 (May 1985), and #25–28 (August–November 1985).

Delphine Courtney appeared as part of the 'Omega Flight' entry in the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Deluxe Edition #9.

Fictional character biography[edit]

Delphine Courtney was a servitor robot, built by the Roxxon Energy Corporation to serve Jerry Jaxon. The robot initially had a feminine shape and fully human appearance, and was referred to as 'she' by its creators, to the point that Jaxon himself was unaware of 'her' true nature.^[70] Courtney acted on Jaxon's behalf to recruit several superhumans that were former members of the Canadian government's training teams, Gamma Flight and Beta Flight, that were dismissed after the government closed Department H, the division that oversaw Gamma, Beta, and the primary team, Alpha Flight.^[71] Jaxon intended to form his own super-team, Omega Flight, in order to revenge himself on James MacDonald Hudson, founder of Department H and leader of the still-active Alpha Flight as Guardian, and through an 'influencer' device built into its systems, Courtney was able to manipulate the already-disenfranchised recruits into seeking their own revenge on Alpha.^[72] However, Courtney was unable to influence Roger Bochs, inventor of the Box robot, who was still loyal to Hudson and the Flight program, forcing Jaxon to directly involve himself by taking control of Box.^[70]

Luring James Hudson and his wife Heather to America with an offer of employment at Roxxon's New York City holdings, Jaxon and Omega Flight executed an ambush of Guardian while Heather was detained by Courtney. When Heather made an attempt to escape and scuffled with Courtney, the robot's flesh-like facial covering was damaged and its true nature revealed. While Omega Flight's goal of revenge was attained with Guardian's apparent death, Courtney was witness to Jaxon's own death due to feedback from Box's destruction,^[70] and the remaining members of Omega were turned over to the New York City authorities.^[73]

Escaping capture, Courtney freed Omega Flight from jail and employed them in a new plot against Alpha Flight. Having its appearance reconfigured and incorporating facsimiles of Guardian's battle-suit technology into its systems, Courtney infiltrated Alpha Flight posing as a returned Guardian (using a cover story that was later revealed to be the actual fate of the real James Hudson), and eventually lured them into a second encounter with Omega Flight, using Alpha's trust of 'Guardian' to ambush them.^[74] However, Omega Flight's victory was foiled by the arrival of the Beyonder,^[75] and Courtney and its team were forced to flee.

Their escape was blocked by Madison Jeffries, a former Flight trainee whom Courtney had avoided recruiting, fearing his ability to control machines and his loyalty to James Hudson. When Jeffries attacked with a construct created from an automobile, Courtney used one of the future duplicates of Omega Flight member Flashback as a human shield, resulting in its death (and the mental breakdown of the original Flashback, now condemned to violent death in his future). This enraged Jeffries, who used his powers to destroy Courtney, forcing its internal circuitry out of its mouth.^[76]

Roger Bochs and Madison Jeffries later salvaged portions of Courtney's second incarnation to construct a new battle-suit functionally identical to James Hudson's original,^[77] which was used by Heather Hudson under her husband's former identity of Vindicator.^[78]

Powers and abilities[edit]

Delphine Courtney possessed superhuman strength, and had a high degree of resistance to physical damage. Its sight and hearing were sharper than a human being's. It also possessed a device called an 'influencer' that could affect pre-existing psychological conditions in the human mind, allowing Courtney to manipulate individuals with judicious use of the influencer combined with verbal interaction; however, it could not absolutely control human beings, as Roger Bochs' loyalty to James Hudson allowed him to resist its manipulations.

Courtney was also able to disguise itself as a human being with a flesh-like outer covering. It could masquerade as either gender by altering its underlying structure, and could even impersonate specific individuals convincingly enough to fool those close to the person imitated. While impersonating James Hudson/Guardian, Courtney also contained technology that could replicate the properties of Guardian's original battle-suits, granting it all of Guardian's super-powers.

Cowgirl[edit]

Graydon Creed[edit]

Crime Master[edit]

Nicholas 'Lucky' Lewis Sr.[edit]

Nicholas Lewis Jr.[edit]

Bennett Brant[edit]

Imposter[edit]

Inner Demons[edit]

Crimson Cavalier[edit]

Crimson Commando[edit]

Crimson Cowl[edit]

Crimson Curse[edit]

Crimson Dynamo[edit]

Anton Vanko[edit]

Boris Turgenov[edit]

Alexander Nevsky[edit]

Yuri Petrovich[edit]

Dmitri Bukharin[edit]

Valentin Shatalov[edit]

Others[edit]

Crippler[edit]

Augustine Cross[edit]

Augustine Cross is a fictional character in Marvel Comics. The character, created by David Michelinie and John Romita Jr., first appears in Iron Man #145 (April 1981). He is Darren Cross's son and Crossfire's second cousin.

Taking over as his family company's CEO after his father's death, Cross attended the 24th annual Conclave of Electronics Engineers and Innovators, rubbing shoulders with various companies' representatives: Stark Industries, S.H.I.E.L.D., Cord Conglomerate and Roxxon. Thought to be connected with the Raiders' attacks, Cross was innocent as Edwin Cord was responsible.^[79]

Augustine later kidnapped Dr. Erica Sondheim to transplant a new heart into Darren's cryogenically preserved body.^[80] Enlisting Crossfire's aid, Augustine has Cassie Lang kidnapped, believing the girl's Pym Particle-irradiated heart could sustain Darren's condition.^[81] As Ant-Man and Darren fight while Sondheim transplants another heart into Cassie, Augustine arrives to transport Darren to ultimately flee when the Pym Particles now within in his father's body caused to shrink down.^[82]

In light of Darren's refusal to invest in Power Broker's Hench App, Augustine hires Machinesmith to hack into Power Broker's database so the Cross family could steal an algorithm to create the Hench App knock-off Lackey.^[83][84] Augustine gets injured during a showdown where Ant-Man and Stinger fight Darren and Crossfire, ending up comatose.^[85][86] Augustine's hospitalization leads to his father's recruitment of Egghead and the use of a powerful battlesuit.^[87]

Darren Cross[edit]

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Crossbones[edit]

Crossfire[edit]

Crucible[edit]

Crule[edit]

Crusader[edit]

Arthur Blackwood[edit]

Skrull[edit]

Crusher[edit]

Greek[edit]

Caldwell Rozza[edit]

Juan Aponte[edit]

Crystal[edit]

Cutthroat[edit]

Cyber[edit]

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Cyclone[edit]

André Gerard[edit]

Gregory Stevens[edit]

Pierre Fresson[edit]

Cyclops[edit]

Cypher[edit]

Cyttorak[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^The Pulse #12-13
2. ^New Avengers #48-49
3. ^New Avengers Vol. 2 #7
4. ^Hunt for Wolverine: The Adamantium Agenda #1. Marvel Comics.
5. ^Avengers: Ultron Forever #1
6. ^Ultron Forever #1 (April 2015)
7. ^New Avengers Vol. 4 #5-6
8. ^U.S.Avengers #1-3
9. ^Incredible Hulk vol. 2 #104
10. ^Incredible Hulk vol. 2 #105
11. ^World War Hulk #1-5
12. ^Skaar: Son of Hulk #8
13. ^Skaar: Son of Hulk #10
14. ^James Harvey (December 25, 2009). 'Animated 'Planet Hulk' Cast And Crew Details, 'Hulk Versus' 2009 Year-End Sales'. Marvel Animation Age. Archived from the original on December 25, 2013. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
15. ^Jones, Simon Cellan (director); Scott Reynolds (writer) (November 20, 2015). 'AKA WWJD?'. Marvel's Jessica Jones. Season 1. Episode 8. Netflix.
16. ^Getzinger, Jennifer (director); Hilly Hicks Jr. (writer) (March 8, 2018). 'AKA I Want Your Cray Cray'. Marvel's Jessica Jones. Season 2. Episode 7. Netflix.
17. ^Foerster, Anna (director); Melissa Rosenberg (writer) (March 8, 2018). 'AKA Start at the Beginning'. Marvel's Jessica Jones. Season 2. Episode 1. Netflix.
18. ^Spiro, Minkie (director); Aida Mashaka Croal (writer) (March 8, 2018). 'AKA Freak Accident'. Marvel's Jessica Jones. Season 2. Episode 2. Netflix.
19. ^Almas, Mairzee (director); Lisa Randolph (writer) (March 8, 2018). 'AKA Sole Survivor'. Marvel's Jessica Jones. Season 2. Episode 3. Netflix.
20. ^Chow, Deborah (director); Jack Kenny (writer) (March 8, 2018). 'AKA God Help the Hobo'. Marvel's Jessica Jones. Season 2. Episode 4. Netflix.
21. ^Wilkinson, Jet (director); Raelle Tucker (writer) (March 8, 2018). 'AKA Facetime'. Marvel's Jessica Jones. Season 2. Episode 6. Netflix.
22. ^Fuentes, Zetna (director); Gabe Fonseca (writer) (March 8, 2018). 'AKA Ain't We Got Fun'. Marvel's Jessica Jones. Season 2. Episode 8. Netflix.
23. ^Rodriguez, Rosemary (director); Jenny Klein (writer) (March 8, 2018). 'AKA Shark in the Bathtub, Monster in the Bed'. Marvel's Jessica Jones. Season 2. Episode 9. Netflix.
24. ^Hardiman, Neasa (director); Aïda Mashaka Croal (writer) (March 8, 2018). 'AKA Pork Chop'. Marvel's Jessica Jones. Season 2. Episode 10. Netflix.
25. ^Lynch, Jennifer (director); Jack Kenny & Lisa Randolph (writer) (March 8, 2018). 'AKA Three Lives and Counting'. Marvel's Jessica Jones. Season 2. Episode 11. Netflix.
26. ^Friedlander, Liz (director); Raelle Tucker & Hilly Hicks Jr. (writer) (March 8, 2018). 'AKA Pray for My Patsy'. Marvel's Jessica Jones. Season 2. Episode 12. Netflix.
27. ^Briesewitz, Uta (director); Jesse Harris (story); Melissa Rosenberg (writer) (March 8, 2018). 'AKA Playland'. Marvel's Jessica Jones. Season 2. Episode 13. Netflix.
28. ^Punisher: War Zone #2-4
29. ^Punisher: War Zone #5-6
30. ^Punisher: War Zone #7-11
31. ^Punisher: War Journal #73-75
32. ^The Punisher Vol. 2 #100-104
33. ^Double Edge Alpha
34. ^The Punisher Vol. 3 #5
35. ^Hibberd, James (March 15, 2018). 'Marvel casts Annabella Sciorra as Luke Cage season 2 villain'. Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on March 16, 2018. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
36. ^Gout, Evarado (director); Aïda Mashaka Croal (writer) (June 22, 2018). 'Can't Front On Me'. Marvel's Luke Cage. Season 2. Episode 12. Netflix.
37. ^Lopez, Alex Garcia (director); Cheo Hodari Coker (writer) (June 22, 2018). 'They Reminisce Over You'. Marvel's Luke Cage. Season 2. Episode 13. Netflix.
38. ^J. Michael Straczynski (w), John Romita Jr. (p). The Amazing Spider-Man (second series) #43-45 (Oct-Nov 2002), Marvel Comics
39. ^Cite error: The named reference Amazing Spider-Man vol. 2 #43 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
40. ^Amazing Spider-Man vol. 2 #47
41. ^New Avengers Annual Vol. 2 #1
42. ^Avengers Annual Vol. 4 #1
43. ^Grand Comics Database: Daring Mystery Comics #7
44. ^Ghost Rider Vol. 2 #17-19. Marvel Comics.
45. ^Avengers/Invaders #9. Marvel Comics.
46. ^Avengers #679. Marvel Comics.
47. ^Avengers #676. Marvel Comics.
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49. ^Avengers #684. Marvel Comics.
50. ^Avengers #686-690. Marvel Comics.
51. ^Giant-Size Ms. Marvel #1. Marvel Comics.
52. ^Ms. Marvel Vol. 2 #4-5. Marvel Comics.
53. ^Ms. Marvel Vol. 2 #17. Marvel Comics.
54. ^Captain Marvel Vol. 7 #9-11. Marvel Comics.
55. ^Captain Marvel Vol. 8 #2. Marvel Comics.
56. ^Captain Marvel Vol. 8 #7-8. Marvel Comics.
57. ^Damore, Meagan (November 30, 2018). 'Captain Marvel's Cat Gets a New Name Straight Out of the Danger Zone'. Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on December 1, 2018. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
58. ^Nemiroff, Perri (January 8, 2019). ''Captain Marvel': 28 Things to Know About the Marvel Cinematic Universe Prequel'. Collider. Archived from the original on January 8, 2019. Retrieved January 8, 2019.
59. ^https://www.newsarama.com/28484-amazing-spider-man-enters-civil-war-ii.html
60. ^The Amazing Spider-Man Vol. 3 #1. Marvel Comics.
61. ^The Amazing Spider-Man Vol. 3 #1.1. Marvel Comics.
62. ^ ^abCivil War II: The Amazing Spider-Man #2. Marvel Comics.
63. ^Amazing Spider-Man Vol. 3 #8. Marvel Comics.
64. ^ ^abCivil War II: The Amazing Spider-Man #3. Marvel Comics.
65. ^Civil War II: The Amazing Spider-Man #1. Marvel Comics.
66. ^Civil War II: The Amazing Spider-Man #4, Marvel Comics.
67. ^Amazing Spider-Man #790. Marvel Comics.
68. ^Amazing Spider-Man #799. Marvel Comics.
69. ^Avengers #260 (1985)
70. ^ ^abcAlpha Flight vol. 1 #12, July 1984
71. ^Alpha Flight vol. 1 #7, February 1984
72. ^Alpha Flight vol. 1 #11, June 1984
73. ^Alpha Flight vol. 1 #13, August 1984
74. ^Alpha Flight vol. 1 #25–27, August–October 1985
75. ^Secret Wars II #4, October 1985
76. ^Alpha Flight vol. 1 #28, November 1985
77. ^Alpha Flight vol. 1 #31, February 1986
78. ^Alpha Flight vol. 1 #32, March 1986
79. ^Iron Man Vol. 1 #145
80. ^Ant-Man Vol. 2 #3
81. ^Ant-Man Vol. 2 #4
82. ^Ant-Man Vol. 2 #5
83. ^Astonishing Ant-Man #2
84. ^Astonishing Ant-Man #5
85. ^Astonishing Ant-Man #10
86. ^Astonishing Ant-Man #11
87. ^Astonishing Ant-Man #12

Getty The Smiley Face killers theory is the subject of a new Oxygen Series. (The photo shows an unrelated smiley face.)

The Smiley Face killers theory is a decade-old theory pushed by a group of retired law enforcement officers and a Minnesota college professor who argue that the deaths of young men who were found deceased in rivers and lakes throughout the United States may really be the work of a gang of serial killers.

For years, the investigative team – led by retired New York Police Detective Kevin Gannon – has argued that some of the dozens of deaths of young men – from Wisconsin to Pennsylvania – may not be accidents. To be sure, the theory has its detractors. The team has met with pushback from authorities in jurisdictions throughout the country, where local officials have mostly ruled the deaths accidental or undetermined drownings due to heavy alcohol use. The FBI once studied the deaths and did not find validity to the theory. Other researchers have tried to debunk the theory. That hasn’t stopped Gannon and the other investigators, however, from arguing that some of the deaths were the result of foul play. Some family members also believe their loved ones died from homicide.

The Oxygen channel is running a new series about the theory called Smiley Face Killers: The Hunt For Justice. Heavy interviewed Gannon in depth about the alleged gang. You can read that interview here.

The deaths, which have occurred since at least 1997, share a lot in common; namely, the victims have similar profiles. They are young, athletic, handsome men, typically in their 20s and typically Caucasian, who vanish after nights out in bars with friends, only to turn up deceased in rivers or lakes, in some cases under more suspicious circumstances than in others. The investigators claim the killers left scrawled smiley faces at some of the scenes. However, other researchers and authorities in various jurisdictions say another killer is to blame: Alcohol. They also say smiley faces are very common graffiti art symbols.

Does a smiley face link hundreds of mysterious deaths?

If you love #TrueCrime this is the next series you'll want to watch.
Catch #TheHuntForJustice starting Saturday, January 19 at 7/6c on @Oxygen. #SmileyFaceKillerspic.twitter.com/05h7ooEAYv

— stephanie j gomulka (@gotmulka) January 18, 2019

Although he hasn’t named names, Gannon says the investigators know a lot about the alleged group. “To me, this is one of the most dangerous domestic terrorist groups in the United States and somebody needs to pay attention to them,” Gannon said to the Daily Beast. “The level of sophistication of the group is a lot greater than we’d imagined. Now we know they communicate with each other on the dark web. We know there’s surveillance and counter-surveillance.”

The Oxygen series’ first episode will premiere on January 19, 2019 at 7 p.m. ET/PT.

1. The Oxygen Series Is Highlighting Six Deaths It Says May Be the Work of Smiley Face Killers

FacebookDakota James

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The Oxygen series has chosen six cases to feature out of a list of many dozens. The deaths featured on the Oxygen channel show are those of Dakota James of Pennsylvania; of Tommy Booth, also in Pennsylvania; of Lucas Homan in Wisconsin; of Todd Geib in Michigan; of William Hurley in Massachusetts; and of Brian Welzien in Illinois. Dakota James is the subject of episode one. You can see videos and more details relating to that case here on the Oxygen Channel’s website.

The death of Dakota James follows the pattern of many of these deaths. Age 23, he disappeared around 11:30 p.m. on January 25, 2017 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

“James was walking back to his apartment after a night out drinking with friends and co-workers. He never made it home. The last known sighting of the Duquesne University graduate student was caught on a surveillance camera in the downtown area,” reports Oxygen. “The footage captured James entering a dark alley, and that was the last time he was seen alive.”

#CANRatMSU forensic entomologist Eric Benbow assists @Oxygen crime show investigators to solve a cold case. Smiley Face Killers: The Hunt for Justice premieres this Saturday! https://t.co/rmomtp16sppic.twitter.com/rQtZeXA78j

— MSU CANR (@CANRatMSU) January 18, 2019

The following morning, his family filed a missing person’s report when he didn’t show up for work. “James’ parents later hired a private investigator who organized a massive citywide search, which led to the discovery of James’ body in the Ohio River on March 6, 2017, 40 days after he had disappeared,” the channel reports. “The Pittsburgh police theorized James fell into the river while crossing a bridge near the city center and drowned. They believed his body traveled for almost 10 miles and even went through a dam before its discovery.”

However, claims Oxygen: “James’ body, however, had almost no visible damage, which was highly suspicious because it had traveled through heavily trafficked river. A smiley face was found spray painted on an underpass near where James’ body was discovered.”

On the Oxygen show, prominent pathologist Cyril Wecht, who studied the newly released autopsy photos in the case, said that the marks on James’ neck “strongly suggestive of and entirely consistent with a ligature having been applied around the neck. This death may have been due to ligature strangulation.”

The other deaths are similar. Tommy Booth “disappeared on January 19, 2008 from a bar in Woodlyn, Pennsylvania. That night, he had been celebrating a friend’s 21st birthday with a group of friends. Surveillance footage captured Booth entering the bar where the celebration took place, but there is no video evidence of him leaving,” says Oxygen. “About two weeks after he went missing, Booth’s body was found facedown in a creek behind the bar.”

Lucas Homan was found dead in La Crosse, Wisconsin, where there has been a cluster of deaths. “On September 29, 2006, 21-year-old Lucas Homan vanished from La Crosse, Wisconsin,” says Oxygen. “The day of his disappearance, Homan had been celebrating Oktoberfest with his friends. After a night of barhopping, Homan headed home at around 10 p.m. with a friend. Homan and his friend somehow got separated during their walk home, and his friend ended up at the ER detox with a head injury after being picked up by police. He told investigators he could not remember anything that happened that night.” Homan was found near the Mississippi River and his death was ruled an accidental drowning.

Todd Geib, 22, vanished on June 12, 2005, “at a bonfire party in an orchard close to his home in Casnovia, Michigan,” reports Oxygen, which says he made a cell phone call saying he was in a field. He was “found three weeks later in a lake that had previously been searched. His death was ruled an undetermined drowning,” reports Oxygen.

William Hurley, a Navy veteran, was 24 when he “went missing after leaving a Bruins hockey game in Boston, Massachusetts,” reports Oxygen. His body was found in the Charles River, and authorities ruled the cause undetermined drowning.

Brian Welzien disappeared on January 1, 2000, reports Oxygen, which describes him as a “Northern Illinois University junior” who “went missing from Chicago, Illinois, after a night of celebrating Y2K with his friends.” Seventy-seven days later, reports Oxygen, his body “washed ashore on a beach in Gary, Indiana.”

2. There Are Many More Drowning Deaths & They Have Occurred in ‘Clusters’ Around the Country

Excited 4 the weekend! With all the snow we are supposed to get Saturday, its a great day to stay home and watch #SmileyFaceKillers Does a smiley face link hundreds of mysterious deaths? Join #TheHuntForJustice when #SmileyFaceKillers begins this Saturday,at 7pm on @oxygen . #adpic.twitter.com/F7D78QK2cA

— Steve Grunwald (@Stevegrunwald) January 16, 2019

In a news release and email, the Oxygen Channel laid out the core of the smiley face serial killer theory.

“Since 1997, hundreds of college-aged men have mysteriously drowned, and their bodies have been found in clusters around the country, and the victims are eerily similar – they’re all athletic, academic achievers,” according to Oxygen.

“In addition, near where many of the bodies are recovered is one distinct mark: graffiti of a smiley face. The series follows an active private investigation spearheaded by retired NYPD Detective Kevin Gannon and his veteran team of investigators as they work with victims’ families and top forensic experts to further investigate.”

The smiley face theory has been around for more than a decade, when the men first staged a media blitz to reveal the theory. In 2008, CNN reported, “Nine of the deceased attended the University of La Crosse, in Wisconsin. Three attended colleges in New York state. In all, the investigators say they’ve connected the bizarre drowning deaths of at least 40 college-age men across the country…The cases spanned 25 cities in 11 states.”

In 2013, ABC 7 in Chicago reported that the number of drownings of young men had reached 200 around the country. Jerry Snyder, a former law enforcement officer who runs a non-profit group called “Find Me,” told ABC 7 that his group had also researched the deaths, saying, “It was time after time, Caucasian male, 18 to 26 years old, good looking, athletic, very intelligent. Every one of these kids were ending up in a river, pond, lake or stream and that just really caught our attention.”

According to ABC 7, “Some investigators said that they think victims were rendered helpless either by injection or a spiked drink but that medical examiners and coroners don’t routinely test for those drugs.”

Oxygen calls the drowning deaths the “country’s most notorious string of mysterious, accidental drownings” and alleges that they may not be accidents, “but homicides; and they could all be connected to a larger theory of The Smiley Face Killers.”

The men vanished after “a night out drinking with friends,” reports Oxygen. Along with Gannon, the investigators include Anthony Duarte, Mike “Mikey” Donovan and D. Lee “Doc” Gilbertson, “who have dedicated the past 12 years of their retirement to finding justice for these cases.”

Oxygen acknowledges that “all of the drownings have been individually classified as accidental or undetermined and have not been investigated as possibly related crimes. There are grieving families of these young men who are convinced that there is something more sinister at play, and desperately search for answers with Gannon and the team. Their goal is to gather enough evidence to convince local authorities to reclassify and investigate these deaths as homicides. Only then can the team attempt to establish a possible connection between these deaths to further their theory that the young men are victims of a calculated group known as The Smiley Face Killers.”

The FBI looked at the cases in 2008 and released a statement that there was no evidence to support the smiley face serial killer theory. Instead, wrote the FBI, the cases appeared to be “alcohol-related drownings.” That statement was released before some, but not all, of the cases featured in the Oxygen series.

The FBI’s statement read:

Over the past several years, law enforcement and the FBI have received information about young, college-aged men who were found deceased in rivers in the Midwest. The FBI has reviewed the information about the victims provided by two retired police detectives, who have dubbed these incidents the ‘Smiley Face Murders,’ and interviewed an individual who provided information to the detectives. To date, we have not developed any evidence to support links between these tragic deaths or any evidence substantiating the theory that these deaths are the work of a serial killer or killers. The vast majority of these instances appear to be alcohol-related drownings. The FBI will continue to work with the local police in the affected areas to provide support as requested.

The statement was attributed to supervisory Special Agent Richard J. Kolko, Washington, D.C.

3. A Minnesota Case Was Reclassified by Police as a Homicide

You just watched the Christopher Jenkins case on #BreakingHomicide. Now @DerrickL and @DrKrisMohandie answer lingering questions on Final Theory ➡️ https://t.co/5HSQZfgwswpic.twitter.com/hDRG8lAUcV

— DiscoveryID (@DiscoveryID) April 30, 2018

One case that stands out but isn’t featured on the Oxygen series is that of Chris Jenkins, a Burlington, Wisconsin man who was found in the Mississippi River after a night out drinking in Minneapolis.

As far back as 2002, The New York Times was reporting: “Young People Are Missing; Authorities Are Baffled.” That article reported that Christopher Jenkins was one of four young men who drowned in rivers in Minnesota and Wisconsin. The article described Jenkins as “a senior and co-captain and goalie of the lacrosse team at the University of Minnesota. Dressed as an American Indian, he had gone to a Halloween party at the Lone Tree Bar and Grill.”

What’s interesting to a lot of people is that, for years, police in the Jenkins’ case would not say that Jenkins died from foul play – just like other drownings throughout the country. However, in 2006, they did a shocking about-face.

In 2006, The Associated Press reported that police announced Jenkins “was thrown off a bridge in downtown Minneapolis …they apologized for first suspecting his death was a suicide or accident.” The cause of death had initially been listed as undetermined. However, although they had a suspect in mind at the time, no one was ever charged. “Chris’ death at this time is not linked to any of these other deaths, especially there’s quite a few involving college students,” Sgt. Pete Jackson told the AP at that time. “I have been contacted today quite a bit by other agencies from around the Midwest. We’ve had several deaths involving college students. But there’s nothing at this time to connect Chris’ death between the others.”

However, authorities’ reclassification of the Jenkins’ death as a homicide has helped fuel the serial killer theory. The case was featured on Investigation Discovery Channel.

A 2008 article in Milwaukee Magazine (written by this author) dug deeper into the theory. At that time, Gannon and his team had launched their media blitz to gain currency for the theory after deaths occurred in Wisconsin and Minnesota, gathering heavy news coverage in those states.

Reported Milwaukee Magazine: “After three months of research into the case, Milwaukee Magazine has learned a gang …claims involvement in the deaths of some of these men. Convicted murderer Jeramy Alford, who is also a suspect in a river death that police now believe is a homicide, told the FBI last year” more about that accusation, the magazine reported. Although local cops told Milwaukee Magazine they’d run across this gang before, verifying it existed, no charges have ever been brought against Alford or members of that group in association with any of the river deaths. Nor have authorities ever alleged they are connected to so-called smiley face killings.

Alford’s name is sometimes given as Jaramy Alford. He has been incarcerated for homicide since 2006 in Minnesota and, thus, he could not have committed various smiley face alleged deaths. According to the WCF Courier, Alford was accused of murdering his roommate, a man named Douglas Miller, whose body was found in a burning mobile home. Alford, who was raised in Iowa but spent time in Minnesota, was convicted of killing Miller, who “was stabbed up to 20 times and suffered at least one blow to the head with a blunt instrument,” the newspaper reported. According to Twin Cities.com, “Jaramy Alford said he was high on methamphetamine when he alone attacked Miller, 32, with a knife, hammer, barbecue fork, metal bar and case of soda.”

Alford

“In a letter obtained by Milwaukee Magazine, the FBI said there’s no evidence the gang exists, but admits Alford discussed the gang,” the magazine article reported.

Gannon first became suspicious that some deaths throughout the country were suspicious after the death of a young man in 1997. Patrick McNeil left a New York City bar and his body was found floating by a Brooklyn pier.

The Jenkins case first put Alford on the radar. “Minneapolis media soon reported that a female informant had told police a convicted murderer serving a life prison term in Minnesota – Jeramy Alford – had bragged about killing Jenkins. Alford’s sister Crystal told Minnesota television her brother was, as the TV station put it, ‘sly, cunning and violent,'” reported Milwaukee Magazine. “She also said he was supposed to go trick-or-treating with her that Halloween, but didn’t show. However, Alford’s girlfriend and mother of his children told the media Alford was with her, and no charges were ever filed.” You can read the full Milwaukee Magazine report here.

To this day, no charges have ever been filed in the Jenkins’ case, and Jenkins’ mother said in 2018 that she hadn’t had contact with Minneapolis police about it since 2010.

In 2007, Twin Cities.com reported that the Minneapolis Police Department presented a suspect’s name to the county attorney “hoping charges could be filed,” but the county attorney “determined the case is not chargeable at this time.” That article did not name the suspect. CNN reported in 2008 that the Jenkins’ death was reclassified a homicide after “a tip from a man in jail, described by Minneapolis police as a witness or suspect.”

In 2008, Minneapolis police told CNN: “Although we have collaborated with investigators from the FBI and communicated with other jurisdictions in which similar drowning deaths have occurred, we can neither confirm nor endorse the ‘smiley face murders’ theory currently being publicized.”

4. Professor Gilbertson Has Found Suspicious Patterns in the Deaths Using Spatial Analysis But Other Researchers Tried to Debunk the Theory

St. Cloud State University Professor Lee Gilbertson, who is an expert in spatial analysis, found patterns in river deaths throughout the country, including the fact that, at that time, “94 percent of the deaths occurred within 100 miles of Interstate 94,” Milwaukee Magazine reported. “The men are generally fit, good-looking, Caucasian, in their 20s, and separated from friends after nights in bars or parties. A few vanished after leaving dorms. Most are drunk. Most turn up dead in rivers or lakes, and with no obvious trauma.” The team told the news media back then that they had found 22 mostly white-painted smiley faces, including smiley faces with horns and crowns and one that read “Evil Happy Smiley Face Man.”

The latter smiley face was supposedly found near the scene where Abel Bolanos, 19, was found in an Iowa lake. “The detectives claim they have 12 pieces of matching evidence, including nicknames left at scenes,” the magazine reported. Bolanos had a blood-alcohol level of about .289 percent and the death was ruled an accidental drowning, according to Iowa State Daily, which reported that Bolanos had “minor abrasions on [the] upper lip, right forearm and right knee.”

Gilbertson told Fox 9 after news broke about the Oxygen series: “The goal of the series is to try and get justice for these families. Whether or not they ever find out who the killers are remains to be seen.” The station reported that Gilbertson’s involvement in the theory dates to 2006, when he studied it with a group of graduate students.

Along the way, as the team continues to investigate deaths, Gannon has run into controversy. He “was investigated in the sexual assault of a 19-year-old University of St. Thomas student last spring during the search for a missing St. Thomas freshman,” reported Twin Cities.com in 2010. However, the newspaper reported that prosecutors closed the case without arrest or charge after “citing insufficient evidence to pursue prosecution.”

A lengthy report in the Center for Homicide Research by multiple co-authors studied the smiley face killers theory and debunked it. It says that the first reports by journalists about drowning deaths dated to 1999.

The article asserts: “As many as 22 smiley faces have been identified by investigators, as well as an occasional discovery of the word ‘Sinsiniwa’…Investigators interpret the graffiti as a taunting of the police. The theory of these deaths includes offenders drugging a victim with GHB or a similar drug…abducting the victim…driving the victim around for hours in a van truck, torturing them…and then slipping the body into the water. Detectives allege the motive for the dumping of remains into the water is to wash away evidence…”

The article notes that there was a “happy face” killer (unrelated) in the past; in 1992, serial killer Keith Jesperson of Wyoming “sent anonymous letters to news reporters signed with a hand-drawn smiley.” His victims were female but didn’t drown.

The researchers identified 40 deaths and added more cases to it, eventually totaling 150. They identified various problems with the smiley face serial killer theory, including:

-Time-order issues. They said there’s no proof when the smiley faces were painted and some were found months later or were faded.

-Graffiti is omnipresent. Graffiti is found everywhere, and smiley faces have appeared since 1964 in popular culture.

-The smiley faces don’t match each other and there wasn’t criteria developed to specify “the necessary distance that a smiley face must occur in proximity to a deceased body in order to be counted.”

-No evidence of victim trauma in most cases.

-Homicidal drowning is extremely rare (only 0.2 percent of killings in the U.S.)

-The “general environment of these disappearances are conducive to accidental drowning,” because they occurred “at night and after dark, in an area not far from bars and colleges.”

They also noted that when police in La Crosse stepped up foot patrols, they stopped 50 drunk people from “approaching the river late at night.” They theorized that “many of these drowning cases are likely to have involved aspects of auto-assassination,” which is not suicide but “a style of living with reckless disregard for one’s own life.”

They compared the theory to “monsters of the past,” including Big Foot, Martians and UFOS.

The researchers included a series of photos of graffiti near the Mississippi River to show its prevalence.

The Boston police commissioner also repudiated a serial killer theory when bodies were found in waterways in that city.

A team of volunteers now patrols the area near the Mississippi River in La Crosse, Wisconsin. News 8000 reports they ran across almost 200 intoxicated people in one year alone.

In 2007, Twin Cities.com reported that the La Crosse police “asked the FBI’s National Center for Analysis of Violent Crime to review their investigations,” and both police and the FBI found no serial killer at work (the first La Crosse death was Richard Hlavaty in 1997.) The police chief told Twin Cities.com then that “eight other people who survived falls into water in the area reported no contact with anyone else, and that there had been no reports of suspicious people approaching men in the areas where the victims were last seen.” Authorities attributed the cause to alcohol.

Gannon and Gilbertson are authors of a book called Case Studies in Drowning Forensics.

The book blurb on Amazon reads, “When a corpse is found in a body of water, authorities generally presume that the manner of death was either an accident or a suicide. They do not treat the recovery site as a potential crime scene or homicide, so many cases remain unsolved. Case Studies in Drowning Forensics investigates the cases of 13 bodies recovered from water in similar circumstances and one survivor. The product of intensive field investigation and archival research, this is the first book that presents and explains forensic autopsy evidence associated with the ‘Smiley Face’ murders.”

The blurb provides this background on Gannon:

Kevin Gannon retired as a Sergeant in the Detective Bureau from the New York City Police Department after 20 years of service, which included more than 14 years as a supervisor. He has diversified training and experience in personal and physical security, investigation and surveillance, and disaster response. His background includes leadership positions responsible for the personal protection of numerous international dignitaries and personalities. He was an NYPD representative on Giuliani’s 1997 “Operation ICE” (Interagency Chemical Exercise) task force, which planned and coordinated for an emergency response to a major chemical disaster in lower Manhattan. Participation included Department of Defense training related to biological and chemical warfare. Gannon has supervised plainclothes personnel in anti-crime, narcotics and robbery units, and was second in charge of the NYPD’s Missing Persons Squad. He was in charge of the Bronx Homicide Task Force (Nightwatch) from 1999 until his retirement in 2001. Gannon has made over 1,000 felony apprehensions for crimes involving narcotics, burglaries, robberies, and homicides. During his distinguished career, Gannon was awarded almost 100 medals for bravery. He was the most decorated member of the Special Investigation Division of the Detective Bureau and one of the most highly decorated Sergeants in the NYPD before his retirement. He was a two-time recipient of the Medal of Valor (1994 & 1996) from Mayor Giuliani for heroism in the line of duty. For his investigative work on gang crime, Gannon received the Frederic Milton Thrasher Award (2008) from the National Gang Crime Research Center.

It provides this bio background on Gilbertson:

D. Lee Gilbertson holds a doctorate (Ph.D.) in Sociology (2002; with a concentration in gangs and substance abuse) and a Master of Science in Criminal Justice (1996; focusing on criminology and victimology). His background includes 16 years of exemplary military service (infantry and signals intelligence) from 1976 to 1992. In addition to his regular duties, he also received training in and served as the unit Alcohol and Drug Coordination Officer (responsible for substance abuse prevention training and supervising urinalysis collections), and as the unit Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Warfare Defense Officer. He currently teaches at Saint Cloud State University and has consulted with law enforcement and provided training in the areas of forensic victimology, crime analysis, and gangs. He has studied gangs, militias, and extremist groups since 1995 and is a certified gang specialist. Gilbertson has presented and taught at numerous national and international conferences and academic institutions, and is a European polyglot. He is a staff member of the National Gang Crime Research Center and has participated in every iteration of its International Gang Specialist Training Conference. Gilbertson is a three-time recipient of the Frederic Milton Thrasher Award (2002, 2005, and 2008), and is an Executive Editor for the Journal of Gang Research.

Finally, the book blurb provides this biographical information on Duarte:

Anthony Duarte currently works for the U.S. Department of Homeland Security as a Transportation Security Administration (TSA) Transportation Security Manager. He supervises airport screening checkpoints, monitors operations using various performance metrics, and coordinates crisis management and incident response protocols. Previously, he was a TSA Expert Behavior Detection Officer and was trained to detect individuals exhibiting behaviors that indicate they may be a threat to aviation and/or transportation security. He is a retired Detective 2nd Grade with the New York City Police Department, and holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from John Jay College of Criminal Justice. His background includes almost twenty-one years in law enforcement honing his skills investigating homicide, robbery, burglary, and other high profile crimes. Duarte served on two major federal task forces involving organized crime, receiving two awards from the U.S. Attorney’s Office, Southern District of New York. He is proficient using state of the art computer technology for data research, and in employing electronic audio-video recording devices. Due to his demonstrated investigative capability, as well as the quality and results of his casework, he received ten Excellence in Police Duty Awards, and five Commendations for Meritorious Service. Duarte was a recipient of the Frederic Milton Thrasher Award (2008) from the National Gang Crime Research Center for his work in gang crime investigation.

5. Some of the Families Also Believe There Is Foul Play

The family of Dakota James is also not buying the official line that their son died accidentally.

According to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, an independent autopsy in the Dakota James’ case found that James “may have been strangled and did not die accidentally as law enforcement contends.” The new claim was revealed in mid December 2018 at a news conference. Authorities had ruled his death an accident.

“Today we are here to say that our son, Dakota, did not get drunk, cross four lanes of a highway, a cement barrier, walk down approximately 30 steps to urinate, to then accidentally fall in the river,” James’ mother, Pam James, said at the news conference, the newspaper reported. “To us this is a homicide, and we will continue to look for the answers on why and by whom.”

At their side at the news conference: Gannon and the prominent forensic pathologist Dr. Cyril Wecht, who said at the press conference that he noticed ligature marks in the autopsy photos. “There is no question about there being markings,” Dr. Wecht said, according to The Post-Gazette. “We would describe these as furrows that would be consistent with some kind of a ligature – we cannot tell you exactly what – but the markings are there, they are clearly discernible…”

According to ABC 7, Welzien’s mother also believes he was the victim of homicide.

“I totally, 100-percent feel he was murdered,” Stephany Welzien told the television station.

ABC 7 reports that he made it to the hotel where his friends were staying. “He’s right outside the hotel door, what happened?” Stephany Welzien said to the station.